Hi Rich, welcome!
Yes, Palermo is the closest city to Mazara del Vallo to have a club in Serie A, too bad for Trapani and Marsala that can't really do better than that
I'll try to answer, let's see...
1a) Best current players: probably Miccoli, Amelia, Nocerino and Liverani, maybe Jankovic too, we've changed our team roster deeply in the last 2 months, it was Amauri until a few weeks ago (now he plays for Juventus). Nocerino is captain of the olympic and under23 national team (you've probably seen him lately).
1b) Best all time: it's not easy, we haven't been in Serie A (premier league) for 32 years so there's not much to mention about those 3 decades but Luca Toni (current Italian national team striker), Fabio Grosso (national team defender and top player on the last World Cup that we won) and Amauri (see 1a) deserve a mention. Old great players: Radice, Vernazza, Troja and many others I can't remember (i'm too young

)
2) At the moment it's supposed to be this way: Amelia; Raggi, Bovo, Carrozzieri, Balzaretti; Nocerino, Liverani, Migliaccio; Jankovic, Miccoli, Budan. But as i said above, a lot has changed so there's nothing's certain. Simplicio, Lanzafame and Cavani could be in that 'formazione' as well.
3) There's a poll about that, you can find it here:
http://www.aquilerosanero.com/forum/...l-palermo.html . A brief translation: first option = 1° place; second one = within the first 4 (champions league); third option = 6th-8th (uefa cup); fourth option = safe, but not in any european competition; fifth option = we'll be demoted to serie B
4) We'll see that, we've done many good and too many awful matches the past season (it has been our worst season in the past 4 years since we are back to Serie A).
5) Our colors (or colours? can't remember which's british and which's american) are pink-black, did you know that?

The only one derby we care about is against Catania

... if you wanna know something else, just ask

. Wikipedia can be good:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Citt%C3%A0_di_Palermo I don't have time to check if everything's correct on that page though

. A short history can be found here:
http://www.aquilerosanero.com/forum/...mo-calcio.html
Our stadium
Our records
Everything is in Italian though
I hope it was helpful
P.S.: there's another american guy who is currently posting comments on this board, he's from Florida:
http://www.aquilerosanero.com/forum/...html#post32367 . There was another one from Pittsburgh but he's not very active

. There's also an English crazy guy called Cannoli... maybe you can share some information with them, not everyone speaks English on this board, sadly